Section outline

    • Horizon Europe (€95.5 billion): Finances research into renewable technologies, energy storage, smart grids, and carbon removal.
    • LIFE Programme: Provides grants for pilot projects in renewable deployment, energy efficiency, and biodiversity protection.
    • Just Transition Fund (€17.5 billion): Helps regions move away from fossil fuels through re-skilling, social support, and infrastructure upgrades.
    • Cohesion Fund & European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): Fund community-level and regional projects in RES, particularly in less developed regions.
    • InvestEU Programme: Offers loans and guarantees to support private investments in sustainable infrastructure.
    • Modernisation Fund (€48 billion): Funded through EU ETS revenues, targeting 10 lower-income EU countries to modernize energy systems.

    Additional mechanisms include Contracts for Difference (CfDs), feed-in premiums, and auctions to promote cost-effective renewable development.